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How to make a home Git server out of an Intel Compute Stick STCK1A8LFC.
It is assumed readers have enough knowledge of Linux and IP networking to know when to alter instructions to suit their own network and needs. Some of these instructions are destructive!
Java 7 introduced the AutoCloseable interface for use in try-with-resources statements. However, not every resource implements this interface. The JDK's own StAX resources don't; 3rd party types like SWT widgets or SNMP4J I/O classes may not be able to for compile-time compatibility reasons.
This post looks at releasing any resource using Java 8 lambdas.
Pacemaker is a cluster resource manager used in Red Hat/CentOS 6.5+/7. This is a short post on considerations for building a server cluster using Pacemaker. This is not a tutorial.
It is possible to use Microsoft's Office 365 with native Linux clients for mail and calendar:
However, neither have proven reliable. The web interface is good but being browser based has meeting and new mail alert limitations. Fortunately, Office 365 has a REST API...
Some familiarity with Python is assumed.
OMAPI: Object Management Application Programming Interface
This post briefly describes the OMAPI protocol for the Internet Systems Consortium DHCP server version 4.1-ESV-R11.
From the dhcpd man page:
The DHCP server provides the capability to modify some of its configuration while it is running, without stopping it, modifying its database files, and restarting it. This capability is currently provided using OMAPI - an API for manipulating remote objects. OMAPI clients connect to the server using TCP/IP, authenticate, and can then examine the server’s current status and make changes to it.
This post is not a tutorial. Prior experience of binary protocols is assumed.
This is a quick guide to setting up an IDE for Rust using RustDT. Familiarity with Linux and root access is assumed. Modify commands to suit your preferences, paths, and/or the latest versions.
Stack:
debian-live-8.1.0-amd64-lxde-desktop.iso)Documentation:
A simple example using Cargo in Rust 1.0 on Linux.
Install Rust if you haven't. Create a project:
$ cargo new hello --bin
This will create the files:
hello/Cargo.toml hello/src/main.rs
Replace the contents of main.rs with:
use std::env;
fn main() {
for argument in env::args() {
println!("Hello, {}!", argument);
}
}
From the hello directory run:
$ cargo run World Kitty "to my little friend, Al Pacino"
Running `target/debug/hello World Kitty to my little friend, Al Pacino`
Hello, target/debug/hello!
Hello, World!
Hello, Kitty!
Hello, to my little friend, Al Pacino!
Rust provides the executable as the zeroth argument target/debug/hello.
The arguments passed to the application start at index 1.
Many previous posts link to https://code.google.com/p/illegalargumentexception/ but this resource is going away:
Hello,
Earlier today, Google announced we will be turning down Google Code Project Hosting. The service started in 2006 with the goal of providing a scalable and reliable way of hosting open source projects. Since that time, millions of people have contributed to open source projects hosted on the site.
But a lot has changed since 2006. In the past nine years, many other options for hosting open source projects have popped up, along with vibrant communities of developers. It’s time to recognize that Google Code’s mission to provide open source projects a home has been accomplished by others, such as GitHub and Bitbucket.
We will be shutting down Google Code over the coming months. Starting today, the site will no longer accept new projects, but will remain functionally unchanged until August 2015. After that, project data will be read-only. Early next year, the site will shut down, but project data will be available for download in an archive format.
etc...
The contents of the old SVN repository have been moved to https://github.com/mcdiae/iae.
Links have not been changed at this time.
$ sudo ./install.sh
install: creating uninstall script at /usr/local/lib/rustlib/uninstall.sh
install: installing component 'rustc'
install: installing component 'cargo'
install: installing component 'rust-docs'
Rust is ready to roll.
$ rustc --version
rustc 1.0.0 (a59de37e9 2015-05-13) (built 2015-05-14)
Rust has been released.
The sample 1.0.0-beta.4 code in previous posts still passes cargo clean and cargo test.
Rust threads are relatively easy to spawn and pass results back from.
use std::thread;
pub fn add_in_future(i1: i32, i2: i32) -> i32 {
let handle = thread::spawn(move || {
i1 + i2
});
handle.join().unwrap()
}
#[cfg(test)]
mod test {
use super::*;
#[test]
fn test_future() {
let expected = 3;
let actual = add_in_future(1, 2);
assert_eq!(expected, actual);
}
}
The add_in_future function sums two numbers in a separate thread.
Then the originating thread consumes the result.
The move keyword moves ownership of variables to the new thread.
This post is just a code snippet written by someone getting started.
No promises are made about code quality.
Version: rustc 1.0.0-beta.4 (850151a75 2015-04-30) (built 2015-04-30)
Back when I wrote C code for platform-dependent binary formats it was fairly common to perform stream I/O with structs and unions. This post looks at similar functionality in Rust.
use std::mem;
#[allow(dead_code)]
pub struct Ser {
prop: u32
}
pub fn to_bytes(ser: Ser) -> [u8; 4] {
unsafe { mem::transmute_copy::<Ser, [u8; 4]>(&ser) }
}
#[cfg(test)]
mod test {
use super::*;
#[test]
fn test_to_bytes() {
let instance = Ser { prop: 0x0A0B0C0D };
let bigend = Ser { prop: instance.prop.to_be() };
let actual = to_bytes(bigend);
let expected: [u8; 4] = [0xA, 0xB, 0xC, 0xD];
assert_eq!(expected, actual);
}
}
This code determines the size of a data structure in byte terms.
use std::mem;
#[allow(dead_code)]
pub struct AStruct {
prop: u32
}
pub fn size_of_a_struct() -> usize {
mem::size_of::<AStruct>()
}
#[cfg(test)]
mod test {
use super::*;
#[test]
fn test_size() {
let expected = 4 as usize;
assert_eq!(expected, size_of_a_struct());
}
}
Rust provides the size_of function to determine the size of a type.
This post is just a code snippet written by someone getting started.
No promises are made about code quality.
Version: rustc 1.0.0-beta.4 (850151a75 2015-04-30) (built 2015-04-30)
This code allows you to express arbitrary octet sequences as hex.
pub fn to_hex_string(bytes: Vec<u8>) -> String {
let strs: Vec<String> = bytes.iter()
.map(|b| format!("{:02X}", b))
.collect();
strs.connect(" ")
}
#[cfg(test)]
mod test {
use super::*;
#[test]
fn test_to_hex_string() {
let bytes: Vec<u8> = vec![0xFF, 0, 0xAA];
let actual = to_hex_string(bytes);
assert_eq!("FF 00 AA", actual);
}
}
This function turns a byte vector into a space-delimited hex string using an iterator to map the values.
This post is just a code snippet written by someone getting started.
No promises are made about code quality.
Version: rustc 1.0.0-beta.4 (850151a75 2015-04-30) (built 2015-04-30)
Languages on different architectures might serialize the 32-bit unsigned int 15 as the byte sequences 00 00 00 0F (big-endian) or 0F 00 00 00 (little-endian) but network protocols generally prefer the former.
pub fn to_network_byte_order(n: u32) -> u32 {
n.to_be()
}
pub fn from_network_byte_order(n: u32) -> u32 {
u32::from_be(n)
}
#[cfg(test)]
mod test {
use super::*;
#[test]
fn test_to_network_byte_order() {
let expected: u32 = 0xFFAABBCC;
let nbo = to_network_byte_order(expected);
if cfg!(target_endian = "big") {
assert_eq!(expected, nbo);
} else {
assert_eq!(expected.swap_bytes(), nbo);
}
let actual = from_network_byte_order(nbo);
assert_eq!(expected, actual);
}
}
u32 is a 32-bit unsigned integer; i32 is the signed version.
This post is just a code snippet written by someone getting started.
No promises are made about code quality.
Version: rustc 1.0.0-beta.4 (850151a75 2015-04-30) (built 2015-04-30)
Rust has a string type that mandates UTF-8 for strings but at some point you need to turn raw octets into structures you can treat as character data.
pub fn utf8_to_string(bytes: &[u8]) -> String {
let vector: Vec<u8> = Vec::from(bytes);
String::from_utf8(vector).unwrap()
}
#[cfg(test)]
mod test {
use super::*;
#[test]
fn test_to_string() {
let bytes: [u8; 7] = [0x55, 0x54, 0x46, 0x38, 0, 0, 0];
let len: usize = 4;
let actual = utf8_to_string(&bytes[0..len]);
assert_eq!("UTF8", actual);
}
}
The utf8_to_string function turns some octets into a String.
Note the lack of semicolon on the last line - this indicates that the line returns a value.
The ampersands indicate that the function is borrowing the variable.
Rust has strong opinions on ownership - expect compile errors if you do not understand this concept.
Rust comes packages with the Cargo build system.
I've in-lined my unit tests to exercise the functions I write. assert_eq! is a macro.
Note that I've tried out a slice in my test to truncate the trailing zeroes.
This post is just a code snippet written by someone getting started.
No promises are made about code quality.
Version: rustc 1.0.0-beta.4 (850151a75 2015-04-30) (built 2015-04-30)
Rust is approaching its 1.0 release.
Rust is a systems programming language that runs blazingly fast, prevents almost all crashes*, and eliminates data races.
* In theory. Rust is a work-in-progress and may do anything it likes up to and including eating your laundry.
Rust has been under public development for a number of years. Many search engine results will lead to obsolete code. That might include this post. I have tried to stick to APIs marked stable but verify against the official documentation. The documentation on www.rust-lang.org is currently incomplete but it is the best starting point.
Version info:
$ rustc --version rustc 1.0.0-beta.4 (850151a75 2015-04-30) (built 2015-04-30)
How I approached getting started with Rust:
A laundry list of disjointed code samples follow in subsequent posts.
2015-05-13: post has been split up into multiple posts for easier reference; use the rust-lang tag to filter.
I had specific criteria for a UML sequence diagram generator:
seqdiag fits the bill. There is an interactive shell if you want to try it out before installing.
I have a Java application that processes SNMP traps. Traps arrive on port 162. Normally Java cannot listen on the low ports. You can use setcap to permit it or run as root but these introduce potential security issues.
I opted to have the Java process listen on port 1162. Changes will have to be performed as root.
Null is just something you need to deal with in Java. This post looks at the mechanism for handling chained method calls without causing a NullPointerException.
This post uses Java 8.
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